Ginkgo Biloba: 14 Manfaat Kesehatan Yang Mengesankan, Dosis, Dan Efek Samping

2024 Pengarang: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Terakhir diubah: 2023-12-17 14:21

Ginkgo biloba adalah ramuan obat asli Tiongkok. Ekstrak ginkgo biloba telah digunakan dalam pengobatan herbal tradisional Tiongkok selama berabad-abad. Suplemen Ginkgo kaya akan nilai terapeutik dan dikaitkan dengan banyak manfaat kesehatan. Ramuan ini memiliki beberapa sifat anti-inflamasi dan antioksidan yang dapat membantu mengobati berbagai penyakit. Ramuan tersebut dapat mengurangi gejala gangguan kejiwaan seperti Alzheimer dan demensia, mengobati kecemasan, melawan peradangan, dan mendukung kesehatan mata.

Pada artikel ini, kami telah membahas manfaat kesehatan dari ginkgo biloba secara rinci, beserta potensi efek sampingnya. Teruskan membaca.

Daftar Isi

• Apa Manfaat Ginkgo Biloba?
• Dosis Dan Bentuk Ginkgo Biloba
• Apa Efek Samping Ginkgo Biloba?
• Resiko

Apa Manfaat Ginkgo Biloba?

1. Dapat Mengurangi Gejala Gangguan Kejiwaan

Ginkgo dapat membantu mengurangi gejala gangguan kejiwaan seperti Alzheimer dan demensia (1). Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Beijing University of Chinese Medicine menemukan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo dapat meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional pada penderita Alzheimer bila digunakan bersama dengan pengobatan konvensional (2).

Studi lain menemukan ekstrak ginkgo efektif dalam pengobatan gejala yang terkait dengan demensia (3). Beberapa bukti anekdot menunjukkan bahwa ginkgo juga dapat meningkatkan aliran darah ke otak (4). Studi lain yang dilakukan oleh Free University Berlin menemukan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo dapat memperbaiki kondisi individu dengan demensia (5). Epilepsi adalah penyebab umum gangguan kognitif yang serius. Satu penelitian tikus menyatakan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif, pembelajaran, dan daya ingat (6).

2. Dapat Membantu Mengobati Kecemasan

Ekstrak ginkgo biloba dapat mengurangi gejala kecemasan dan stres. Ekstraknya digunakan dalam pengobatan herbal tradisional Tiongkok untuk mengobati gangguan neurodegeneratif (7). Penelitian pada hewan menyatakan bahwa kandungan antioksidan dari ekstrak ginkgo biloba dapat membantu mengurangi gejala kecemasan dan gangguan kognitif lainnya (8), (9).

Dalam sebuah penelitian, sekelompok 107 orang yang diobati dengan ginkgo dosis tinggi melaporkan penurunan gejala kecemasan (10). Namun, diperlukan lebih banyak penelitian untuk lebih memahami manfaat ginkgo biloba ini.

3. Dapat Memerangi Peradangan

Ginkgo memiliki kemampuan untuk mengurangi peradangan yang disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi. Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh National Taiwan University menemukan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo biloba dapat mengurangi penanda peradangan pada sel hewan dan manusia (11), (12), (13). Ada kondisi peradangan lain, ekstrak ginkgo dapat membantu mengobati. Ini termasuk:

• Arthritis: Sebuah studi yang dilakukan pada tikus menemukan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo dapat membantu meringankan arthritis (14).
• Stroke: Ekstrak ginkgo biloba telah disarankan untuk pasien dengan stroke iskemik akut (kehilangan sirkulasi darah secara tiba-tiba ke area otak). Tanaman ini dikatakan memiliki sifat pelindung saraf yang membantu meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada pasien (15).
• Penyakit iritasi usus besar (IBD): Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Universitas Kairo menemukan bahwa kurkumin dan ginkgo bisa efektif dalam pencegahan dan pengobatan IBD (16).

Lebih banyak penelitian pada manusia diperlukan untuk memahami peran ekstrak ginkgo dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit.

4. Dapat Mendukung Kesehatan Mata

Beberapa penelitian awal menyatakan bahwa melengkapi dengan ginkgo dapat meningkatkan aliran darah ke mata. Ini bisa menjadi pengobatan potensial untuk glaukoma. Namun, bukti konklusif kurang dalam hal ini (17). Sebuah studi kecil yang dilakukan oleh London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine menemukan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo mungkin memiliki efek menguntungkan pada penglihatan. Uji coba lebih lanjut diperlukan (18).

Ekstrak ginkgo biloba juga berpotensi untuk mengobati glaukoma ketegangan normal (19). Diperlukan lebih banyak penelitian untuk menentukan apakah ginkgo benar-benar efektif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan penglihatan.

5. Dapat Meningkatkan Kesehatan Jantung

Ginkgo dapat meningkatkan aliran darah dengan meningkatkan pelebaran pembuluh darah. Ini telah digunakan dalam pengobatan masalah yang berkaitan dengan sirkulasi darah yang buruk. Ginkgo memiliki kemampuan untuk meningkatkan aliran darah ke berbagai bagian tubuh.

Ekstrak Ginkgo biloba (GBE) adalah agen terapeutik yang menjanjikan untuk penyakit kardiovaskular dan iskemik. Ini meningkatkan kesehatan vaskular (pembuluh darah) (20). Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Rumah Sakit Kedua Universitas Kedokteran Hebei menemukan bahwa ekstrak ginkgo meningkatkan sirkulasi arteri koroner pada pasien dengan penyakit arteri koroner (21). Itu juga menunjukkan efek yang sama pada orang tua (22). Ekstrak ini memiliki efek perlindungan pada kesehatan jantung. Ini juga dapat membantu dalam pengobatan gangguan neurologis dan kardio-serebrovaskular (23), (24), (25).

Ekstrak Ginkgo mungkin bermanfaat dalam pengobatan cedera miokard diabetes (masalah yang berkaitan dengan selaput jantung) (26).

6. Dapat Meningkatkan Fungsi Otak

Ginkgo telah berulang kali dievaluasi kemampuannya untuk mengurangi kecemasan, stres, dan gejala lain yang terkait dengan penyakit Alzheimer dan penurunan kognitif terkait usia. Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Liberty, menemukan bahwa melengkapi dengan ekstrak ginkgo dapat meningkatkan kinerja mental (27).

Studi lain yang dilakukan oleh University of Munich menemukan bahwa ramuan tersebut meningkatkan fungsi mental pada sukarelawan yang sehat (28). Bukti anekdotal menunjukkan ginkgo mungkin memainkan peran utama dalam meningkatkan aliran darah ke otak.

7. Dapat Membantu Pengobatan Depresi

Ekstrak ginkgo memiliki sifat anti-inflamasi yang dapat membantu dalam pengobatan depresi. Sebuah studi menemukan bahwa melengkapi dengan ekstrak ginkgo dapat membantu mengobati gejala depresi (29). Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan dalam hal ini.

8. Dapat Mengobati Sakit Kepala dan Migrain

Ginkgo biloba dapat mengurangi peradangan dan berpotensi meningkatkan aliran darah ke otak. Dapat mengobati sakit kepala dan migrain jenis tertentu. Herbal yang melawan peradangan cukup populer dalam pengobatan tradisional Tiongkok sebagai pengobatan untuk migrain dan sakit kepala (30). Namun, sedikit penelitian tersedia untuk mendukung klaim ini.

Sebuah penelitian membahas tentang ginkgolide B, yang merupakan konstituen herbal yang diekstrak dari daun pohon ginkgo biloba. Konstituen ditemukan untuk membantu mencegah migrain dan sakit kepala di usia muda (31). Studi lain menemukan bahwa ginkgolide B dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi keparahan dan frekuensi migrain dengan aura (migrain dengan perubahan penglihatan) (32).

9. Dapat Memperbaiki Gejala Asma Dan COPD

The anti-inflammatory properties of ginkgo biloba extract may treat symptoms associated with respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A study conducted by Jilin University found that the anti-inflammatory compounds available in ginkgo may reduce inflammation in the airways (33). In another study, asthma patients treated with ginkgo extract showed better improvement in their condition compared to patients who received conventional medication alone (34).

In another study, a group of 100 COPD patients over 50 years of age who consumed a mixture of Chinese herbs (including ginkgo) reported a reduction in bronchitis and cough (35).

10. May Reduce PMS Symptoms

Ginkgo biloba may help reduce PMS symptoms. A study found a reduction of PMS symptoms by 23% after consuming ginkgo extract (36). Further information on the safety of the herb in this regard is needed.

Ginkgolide B has also been associated with a reduction in PMS symptoms (37).

11. May Treat Sexual Dysfunction

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) may facilitate blood flow and influence nitric oxide systems, and has a relaxant effect on smooth muscle tissue. These processes are important for sexual response in women. GBE may have the potential to boost sexual health in women (38).

A study found that ginkgo extract has the ability to improve blood levels of nitric oxide (39). This may help improve women’s sexual function too. However, we need more research to further understand this mechanism of ginkgo.

12. May Help Reduce Obesity

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) may help reduce obesity. One rat study stated that ginkgo biloba extract could be efficient in preventing and treating obesity-induced insulin signaling impairment (40). GBE may improve insulin resistance and reduce body weight gain (41). GBE may also represent a potential alternative therapy for menopause-related obesity (42).

A study found that ginkgo biloba leaves could improve blood lipid parameters. They could be used in the treatment of dyslipidemia (abnormal amount of lipids in the blood) (43). Ginkgo biloba extract reduces oxidative stress in diet-induced obese rats (44). It could also exhibit anti-obesogenic effects in white adipose tissue of rats (45).

More long-term studies are needed to understand the anti-obesogenic effects of ginkgo extract on humans.

13. May Improve Skin Health

Ginkgo biloba is said to possess anti-aging effects too. The ginkgo leaf extract contains quercetin and kaempferol (natural plant flavonoids that act as antioxidants) that help fight free radicals. They may reduce signs of skin aging. Ginkgo also had synergistic effects with green tea on improving skin barrier function and elasticity (46).

14. May Boost Hair Growth

Ginkgo biloba has been proven to potentially help slow down hair loss. It may also promote hair growth. However, these studies have been conducted on mice alone (47).

These are the benefits of ginkgo biloba. In the following section we will look at the herb’s ideal dosage.

Dosage And Forms Of Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is available in various forms such as liquid extracts, tablets, capsules, and dried leaves/tea. It seems to be most effective when taken in several doses throughout the day (total daily dosage being 120–240 mg). Ensure you do not take the raw form of ginkgo, as it can be poisonous.

Ginkgo may take up to 4 to 6 weeks to show any results. A common dose of 40 milligrams of extract three times daily is recommended to those with dementia. For improving cognitive function in healthy people, 120 milligrams to 600 milligrams of the extract may be used. These values are based on anecdotal evidence. Consult your doctor for more information.

Though ginkgo biloba is generally safe for use, it does have a few side effects that you need to keep in mind. Check them out in the next section.

What Are The Side Effects Of Ginkgo Biloba?

Excess intake of ginkgo biloba may cause several adverse effects. These may include allergies, headaches, stomach pain, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, and some drug interactions.

In some cases, intake of the herb can cause serious harm. Individuals who are allergic to plants with alkylphenols, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and people with epilepsy should avoid intake. People who are on medications must consult with their doctor before taking ginkgo.

High exposure to ginkgo may increase the risk of breast and colorectal cancers in some individuals. Also, ginkgo does not seem to reduce the risk of other forms of cancer (48). Some anecdotal evidence suggests that ginkgo has the potential to interact with certain medications like blood thinners (aspirin, warfarin) and antidepressants.

Ginkgo biloba may also have other risks associated with it.

Risks

Ginkgo is generally considered safe for healthy people when used in limited amounts for up to six months. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) doesn’t regulate ginkgo supplements or most other drugs that contain the herb (49).

Some anecdotal evidence suggests that ginkgo may lower blood sugar levels. Hence, use with caution if you have diabetes.

Eating raw or roasted ginkgo seeds may be poisonous and may lead to adverse effects. Research is limited here, though.

Conclusion

Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest plant species on the planet. It is said to possess several anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that offer health benefits. The herb helps reduce symptoms of psychiatric disorders, treats anxiety, and fights inflammation. However, excess intake of ginkgo extract may lead to several adverse effects. Most of the research related to this herbal extract is still ongoing. Consult your doctor before including this herb into your routine.

Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

Should I take ginkgo at night?

Ginkgo can stimulate your brain and keep you awake the whole night. Do not take it before sleep.

Does Ginkgo biloba cause liver damage?

Ginkgo has not been linked to liver damage. In fact, it is sometimes used to treat certain liver ailments (50).

Does Ginkgo biloba raise blood pressure?

Tidak ada penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa ginkgo dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah. Meskipun ginkgo memiliki sifat vasodilatasi, tidak jelas apakah dapat menurunkan tekanan darah.

50 sumber

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