Air Mineral: Potensi Manfaat Kesehatan Dan Efek Samping

2024 Pengarang: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Terakhir diubah: 2023-12-17 14:21

Air mineral diperoleh dari mata air alami dan waduk bawah tanah. Ini kaya nutrisi penting dan dikatakan memiliki beberapa sifat terapeutik.

Ini mengandung kalsium, magnesium, kalium, dan natrium (1). Dengan demikian, diklaim memberikan beberapa manfaat kesehatan yang tidak terduga. Minum air mineral dapat meningkatkan kesehatan tulang, pencernaan, dan jantung, serta menurunkan tekanan darah.

Dalam artikel ini, kita membahas tentang perbedaan antara air mineral dan air keran, serta potensi manfaat kesehatan dan efek samping air mineral.

Teruskan membaca!

Daftar Isi

• Air Mineral Vs. Air Biasa
• 6 Manfaat Kesehatan Air Mineral
• Apakah Air Mineral Baik Untuk Kulit dan Wajah Anda?
• Apa Efek Samping Air Mineral?

Air Mineral Vs. Air Biasa

Air mineral lebih asam daripada air keran dan memiliki rasa asam karena adanya asam karbonat. Kedua jenis air tersebut mengandung mineral dan mengalami semacam pengolahan. Berdasarkan bukti saat ini, perbedaan tersebut tidak terlalu signifikan. Inilah yang perlu Anda ketahui.

I. Air Mineral

Air mineral mengandung mineral tambahan (tergantung sumbernya) atau zat terlarut untuk mengubah rasanya. Orang-orang percaya bahwa itu memiliki beberapa khasiat obat karena mineral di dalamnya. Sesuai Food and Drug Administration (FDA), air mineral harus mengandung setidaknya 250 bagian per juta dari total padatan terlarut (2).

Mineral yang sering terdapat pada air mineral antara lain:

• Kalsium
• Klorin
• Fosfor
• Magnesium
• Kalium
• Sodium
• Sulfur

Di atas adalah beberapa makronutrien yang penting untuk menjalankan fungsi tubuh seperti sintesis protein, pembentukan tulang, pembentukan tulang rawan, dll. (3).

Selain beberapa mikronutrien, elemen jejak penting untuk beberapa fungsi biologis seperti sintesis hormon, produksi enzim, pencegahan kerusakan gigi, dll. (3).

• Kobalt
• Besi
• Chromium
• Tembaga
• Iodium
• Fluor

Tidak seperti air keran pada umumnya, air mineral biasanya dibotolkan di sumbernya dalam plastik atau botol kaca. Beberapa orang lebih menyukai air mineral karena nilai terapeutiknya. Namun, air mineral mungkin mengalami beberapa proses untuk menghilangkan bakteri atau zat beracun (4). Asupan air mineral harian sangat penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan air tubuh (3).

II. Keran air

Air ledeng diolah dengan klorin dan dikirim ke rumah tangga melalui pipa dan sistem pemurnian.

Sebelum mencapai rumah tangga, air ledeng menjalani proses desinfeksi kimiawi di instalasi pengolahan air. Air bersih kemudian dialirkan melalui sistem perpipaan bawah tanah. Namun, beberapa mineral dalam air keran dapat menimbulkan korosi pada pipa dan mencemari air minum.

Di AS, air keran harus memenuhi standar Undang-Undang Air Minum Aman yang ditetapkan oleh Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan (EPA) (5).

Nah, setelah mengetahui perbedaan air mineral dan air keran, yuk simak manfaat air mineral bagi kesehatan!

6 Manfaat Kesehatan Air Mineral

1. Sumber Magnesium

Air mineral merupakan sumber magnesium yang kaya, yang berperan besar dalam mengatur fungsi tubuh seperti fungsi saraf, mengontrol kadar glukosa darah, dan mengatur tekanan darah (6).

Bergantung pada sumbernya, jumlah magnesium dalam air mineral dapat bervariasi. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs) untuk magnesium adalah sebagai berikut (6):

• 310-320 mg untuk wanita dewasa
• 350-400 mg untuk wanita hamil
• 310-360 mg untuk wanita menyusui
• 400-420 mg untuk pria dewasa

Kekurangan magnesium dapat menyebabkan gejala seperti kecemasan, lekas marah, kelelahan, kelemahan otot, tremor, dan vertigo. Dalam kasus yang parah, itu juga dapat menyebabkan kejang, gangguan pendengaran, migrain, osteoporosis, dan detak jantung tidak teratur (7).

2. Dapat Membantu Menurunkan Tekanan Darah

Air mineral merupakan sumber kalsium dan magnesium yang baik (1). Jadi, dikatakan bermanfaat bagi orang dengan masalah tekanan darah. Kekurangan magnesium dan kalsium dapat menyebabkan hipertensi (8), (9). Kedua mineral ini secara aktif terlibat dalam proses elektrolitik otak dan tubuh manusia. Keseimbangan elektrolitik ini penting untuk pemeliharaan tekanan darah dan sirkulasi. Ini juga membantu mempercepat hidrasi pada manusia (10).

Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Göteborg University (Swedia) menemukan bahwa minum air mineral dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah pada orang dengan tekanan darah tinggi (11).

Sebuah studi yang dilakukan pada 70 orang dengan hipertensi borderline juga menemukan bahwa minum 1 liter air mineral per hari dapat menurunkan tekanan darahnya (11).

Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami peran minum air mineral dalam manajemen tekanan darah.

3. Meningkatkan Kesehatan Tulang

Kalsium adalah mineral terpenting yang terlibat dalam perkembangan tulang. Kalsium yang ada dalam air mineral merupakan sumber penting asupan kalsium (12). Ini memperkuat tulang, gigi, dan kuku.

Sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Saxon Balneology and Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute menemukan bahwa ketersediaan hayati kalsium dari air mineral sebanding dengan (dan bahkan bisa lebih baik) daripada dari produk susu (13), (14). Studi lain yang dilakukan pada wanita pascamenopause menemukan bahwa asupan rutin air mineral kaya kalsium meningkatkan kepadatan mineral tulang (15).

Selain itu, mengontrol homeostasis magnesium dapat membantu menjaga integritas tulang (16).

4. Meningkatkan Kesehatan Pencernaan

Mineral water contains magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate that can help improve bowel movement frequency and stool consistency when constipated (17). A study conducted in Japan found that low magnesium intake is associated with constipation (18). Moreover, adequate fluid intake has been shown to improve digestion (19).

5. May Improve Heart Health

A study conducted on postmenopausal women by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research found that sodium bi-carbonate mineral water affects cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism after meals (20).

Another study conducted on postmenopausal women found that the intake of carbonated mineral water intake decreases total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (21). The magnesium levels in drinking water are also said to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease mortality (22).

However, more long-term studies are required to understand how drinking mineral water promotes heart health.

6. May Regulate Body Fat

Mineral water is an essential fat-free supplement that offers a good amount of fat metabolizing minerals. It helps in fat breakdown, which is essential in burning the layers of fat in the body. Thus, drinking mineral water before meals (1.5 l/day) along with a low-calorie diet can help in weight management (23).

Now that you know all about the health benefits of mineral water, let’s check out how it benefits your skin.

Is Mineral Water Good For Your Skin And Face?

Mineral water may be a fresh source of skin-friendly silica particles. Silica is great for the skin. It triggers the production of collagen in your skin. Increased collagen formation reduces wrinkles, dark spots, and dullness. Furthermore, silica deficiency leads to skin ageing (24). Hence, mineral water may be a good source of skin health.

However, more long-term studies are required to understand this benefit of mineral water.

Though mineral water is generally safe for consumption, it does have a few side effects that you need to keep in mind. Check them out in the next section.

What Are The Side Effects Of Mineral Water?

Mineral water is generally regarded as safe to drink. However, too much consumption of mineral water has some side effects, and very little research has been done in this area.

Many studies focused on bottled mineral water are about the migration of chemicals from plastic bottles to water (25). A study conducted on mice found that microplastics consumed through water can accumulate in the body and cause inflammation (26).

The carbonic acid present in carbonated mineral water can cause bloating (27). Mineral water contains fewer microbes when compared to normal tap water. Thus, it does not undergo the disinfection process (unlike tap water) and contains microbes. It is also sometimes enriched with carbon dioxide (28).

Plastic Toxicity

Microplastics are tiny particles with potential health concerns. Plastic bottles contain bisphenol A (BPA) that are said to interfere with the hormonal function in your body. These particles are also found in seafood products, beverages like beer, and table salt.

Though the microplastics in bottled water do not raise a safety concern, more research is required in this area (29).

Carbonated Water Damages Teeth

Sparkling mineral water can damage the enamel on your teeth. A study conducted by the University of Birmingham found that sparkling mineral water damages tooth enamel more than regular tap water but less than soft drinks (30).

Carbonated water is more acidic than regular tap water. A study conducted in Korea found that carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator reduces enamel hardness (31). But, it has a smaller impact on teeth than drinking soda (32).

Environmental Concerns

Pollution caused by plastic water bottles is a serious threat to the environment. But, scientists have found that treating tap water with domestic reverse osmosis equipment is the most environmentally friendly way to treat water (33). As bottle manufacturing requires more energy and raw material inputs, especially in the case of glass water bottles, regular water treatment is the most favourable option.

Conclusion

Air mineral, menurut definisi, kaya akan mineral dan dikatakan memiliki beberapa sifat terapeutik. Namun, penelitian terbatas tersedia untuk membuktikan manfaatnya. Itu masih dianggap aman untuk diminum.

Dari meningkatkan kepadatan tulang hingga meningkatkan kesehatan pencernaan, air mineral dikatakan memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan. Namun, ini juga terkait dengan toksisitas plastik (karena mikroplastik dalam botol) dan erosi email. Oleh karena itu, gunakan kebijaksanaan Anda sebelum Anda meminum air jenis apa pun.

33 sumber

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